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QUESTION NO:4
Refer to the exhibit.
R1 has an EBGP session to ISP 1 and an EBGP session to ISP 2. R1 receives the same prefixes
through both links.
Which configuration should be applied so that the link between R1 and ISP 2 will be preferred for
outgoing traffic (R1 to ISP 2)?
A. Increase local preference on R1 for received routes
B. Decrease local preference on R1 for received routes
C. Increase MED on ISP 2 for received routes
D. Decrease MED on ISP 2 for received routes
Answer: A
Explanation: Explanation
Local preference is an indication to the AS about which path has preference to exit the AS in order
to reach a certain network. A path with higher local preference is preferred more. The default value
of preference is 100.
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk872/technologies_configuration_example09186a0080b82d1f.s
html?
referring_site=smartnavRD
QUESTION NO:8
Which statement is true about loop guard?
A. Loop guard only operates on interfaces that are considered point-to-point by the spanning tree.
B. Loop guard only operates on root ports.
C. Loop guard only operates on designated ports.
D. Loop guard only operates on edge ports.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Understanding How Loop Guard Works
Unidirectional link failures may cause a root port or alternate port to become designated as root if
BPDUs are absent. Some software failures may introduce temporary loops in the network. Loop
guard checks if a root port or an alternate root port receives BPDUs. If the port is receiving
BPDUs, loop guard puts the port into an inconsistent state until it starts receiving BPDUs again.
Loop guard isolates the failure and lets spanning tree converge to a stable topology without the
failed link or bridge.
You can enable loop guard per port with the set spantree guard loop command.
Note When you are in MST mode, you can set all the ports on a switch with the set spantree
global-defaults loop-guard command.
When you enable loop guard, it is automatically applied to all of the active instances or VLANs to
which that port belongs. When you disable loop guard, it is disabled for the specified ports.
Disabling loop guard moves all loop-inconsistent ports to the listening state.
If you enable loop guard on a channel and the first link becomes unidirectional, loop guard blocks
the entire channel until the affected port is removed from the channel. Figure 8-6 shows loop
guard in a triangle switch configuration.
Figure 8-6 Triangle Switch Configuration with Loop Guard
Figure 8-6 illustrates the following configuration:
Switches A and B are distribution switches.
Switch C is an access switch.
Loop guard is enabled on ports 3/1 and 3/2 on Switches A, B, and C.
Use loop guard only in topologies where there are blocked ports. Topologies that have no blocked
ports, which are loop free, do not need to enable this feature. Enabling loop guard on a root switch
has no effect but provides protection when a root switch becomes a nonroot switch.
Follow these guidelines when using loop guard:
Do not enable loop guard on PortFast-enabled or dynamic VLAN ports.
Do not enable PortFast on loop guard-enabled ports.
Do not enable loop guard if root guard is enabled.
Do not enable loop guard on ports that are connected to a shared link.
Note: We recommend that you enable loop guard on root ports and alternate root ports on access
switches.
Loop guard interacts with other features as follows:
Loop guard does not affect the functionality of UplinkFast or BackboneFast.
Root guard forces a port to always be designated as the root port. Loop guard is effective only if
the port is a root port or an alternate port. Do not enable loop guard and root guard on a port at the
same time.
PortFast transitions a port into a forwarding state immediately when a link is established. Because
a PortFast-enabled port will not be a root port or alternate port, loop guard and PortFast cannot be
configured on the same port. Assigning dynamic VLAN membership for the port requires that the
port is PortFast enabled. Do not configure a loop guard-enabled port with dynamic VLAN
membership.
If your network has a type-inconsistent port or a PVID-inconsistent port, all BPDUs are dropped
until the misconfiguration is corrected. The port transitions out of the inconsistent state after the
message age expires. Loop guard ignores the message age expiration on type-inconsistent ports
and PVID-inconsistent ports. If the port is already blocked by loop guard, misconfigured BPDUs
that are received on the port make loop guard recover, but the port is moved into the type-
inconsistent state or PVID-inconsistent state.
In high-availability switch configurations, if a port is put into the blocked state by loop guard, it
remains blocked even after a switchover to the redundant supervisor engine. The newly activated
supervisor engine recovers the port only after receiving a BPDU on that port.
Loop guard uses the ports known to spanning tree. Loop guard can take advantage of logical ports
provided by the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP). However, to form a channel, all the physical
ports grouped in the channel must have compatible configurations. PAgP enforces uniform
configurations of root guard or loop guard on all the physical ports to form a channel.
These caveats apply to loop guard:
QUESTION NO:11
When you are troubleshooting duplex mismatches, which two errors are typically seen on the full-
duplex end? (Choose two.)
A. runts
B. FCS errors
C. interface resets
D. late collisions
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:13
Which two statements are true about traffic shaping? (Choose two.)
A. Out-of-profile packets are queued.
B. It causes TCP retransmits.
C. Marking/remarking is not supported.
D. It does not respond to BECN and ForeSight Messages.
E. It uses a single/two-bucket mechanism for metering.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:15
Which three options are considered in the spanning-tree decision process? (Choose three.)
A. lowest root bridge ID
B. lowest path cost to root bridge
C. lowest sender bridge ID
D. highest port ID
E. highest root bridge ID
F. highest path cost to root bridge
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
Configuration bridge protocol data units (BPDUs) are sent between switches for each port.
Switches use s four step process to save a copy of the best BPDU seen on every port. When a
port receives a better BPDU, it stops sending them. If the BPDUs stop arriving for 20 seconds
(default), it begins sending them again.
Step 1 Lowest Root Bridge ID (BID)
Step 2 Lowest Path Cost to Root Bridge
Step 3 Lowest Sender BID
Step 4 Lowest Port ID
Reference
Cisco General Networking Theory Quick Reference Sheets
Latest 400-101 Dumps400-101 PDF Dumps400-101 Practice Test
QUESTION NO:20
Refer to the exhibit.
What is the potential issue with this configuration?
A. There is no potential issue; OSPF will work fine in any condition.
B. Sub-optimal routing may occur since there is no area 1 adjacency between the ABRs.
C. This is a wrong OSPF configuration because all routers must be in area 0 only.
D. This is a wrong OSPF configuration because /30 requires 0.0.0.3 wild card.
Answer: B
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:22
Refer to the exhibit.
Which path is selected as best path?
A. path 1, because it is learned from IGP B.
path 1, because the metric is the lowest C.
path 2, because it is external
D. path 2, because it has the higher router ID
Answer: B
Explanation:
QUESTION NO:25
Refer to the exhibit.
After a link flap in the network, which two EIGRP neighbors will not be queried for alternative
paths? (Choose two.)
A. 192.168.1.1
B. 192.168.3.7
C. 192.168.3.8
D. 192.168.3.6
E. 192.168.2.1
F. 192.168.3.9
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
Both 192.168.3.7 and 192.168.3.8 are in an EIGRP Stub area
The Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) Stub Routing feature improves network
stability, reduces resource utilization, and simplifies stub router configuration.
Stub routing is commonly used in a hub and spoke network topology. In a hub and spoke network,
one or more end (stub) networks are connected to a remote router (the spoke) that is connected to
one or more distribution routers (the hub). The remote router is adjacent only to one or more
distribution routers. The only route for IP traffic to follow into the remote router is through a
distribution router. This type of configuration is commonly used in WAN topologies where the
distribution router is directly connected to a WAN. The distribution router can be connected to
many more remote routers. Often, the distribution router will be connected to 100 or more remote
routers. In a hub and spoke topology, the remote router must forward all nonlocal traffic to a
distribution router, so it becomes unnecessary for the remote router to hold a complete routing
table. Generally, the distribution router need not send anything more than a default route to the
remote router.
When using the EIGRP Stub Routing feature, you need to configure the distribution and remote
routers to use EIGRP, and to configure only the remote router as a stub. Only specified routes are
propagated from the remote (stub) router. The router responds to queries for summaries,
connected routes, redistributed static routes, external routes, and internal routes with the message
“inaccessible.” A router that is configured as a stub will send a special peer information packet to
all neighboring routers to report its status as a stub router. Any neighbor that receives a packet
informing it of the stub status will not query the stub router for any routes, and a router that has a
stub peer will not query that peer. The stub router will depend on the distribution router to send the
proper updates to all peers.
Reference
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/eigrpstb.html#wp1021949
QUESTION NO:27
Refer to the exhibit.
What triggered the first SPF recalculation?
A. changes in a router LSA, subnet LSA, and external LSA
B. changes in a router LSA, summary network LSA, and external LSA
C. changes in a router LSA, summary network LSA, and summary ASBR LSA
D. changes in a router LSA, summary ASBR LSA, and external LSA
Answer: B
Explanation:
OSPFv2
Is built around links, and any IP prefix change in an area will trigger a full SPF. It advertises IP
information in Router and Network LSAs. The routers thus, advertise both the IP prefix information
(or the connected subnet information) and topology information in the same LSAs. This implies
that if an IP address attached to an interface changes, OSPF routers would have to originate a
Router LSA or a Network LSA, which btw also carries the topology information. This would trigger
a full SPF on all routers in that area, since the same LSAs are flooded to convey topological
change information. This can be an issue with an access router or the one sitting at the edge,
since many stub links can change regularly.
Only changes in interarea, external and NSSA routes result in partial SPF calculation (since type
3, 4, 5 and 7 LSAs only advertise IP prefix information) and thus IS-IS
QUESTION NO:30
What is the flooding scope of an OSPFv3 LSA, if the value of the S2 bit is set to 1 and the S1 bit is
set to 0?
A. link local
B. area wide
C. AS wide
D. reserved
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Type 1 router LSA is now link local and the Type 2 Network LSA is AS Wide
S2 and S1 indicate the LSA\’s flooding scope. Table 9-1 shows the possible values of these two
bits and the associated flooding scopes.
Table 9-1 S bits in the OSPFv3 LSA Link State Type field and their associated flooding scopes
LSA Function Code, the last 13 bits of the LS Type field, corresponds to the OSPFv2 Type field.
Table 9-2 shows the common LSA types used by OSPFv3 and the values of their corresponding
LS Types. If you decode the hex values, you will see that the default U bit of all of them is 0. The S
bits of all LSAs except two indicate area scope. Of the remaining two, AS External LSAs have an
AS flooding scope and Link LSAs have a linklocal flooding scope. Most of the OSPFv3 LSAs have
functional counterparts in OSPFv2; these OSPFv2 LSAs and their types are also shown in Table
9-2.
Table 9-2 OSPFv3 LSA types and their OSPFv2 counterparts
Reference
http://www.networkworld.com/subnets/cisco/050107-ch9-ospfv3.html?page=1
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